In my article on Saul I found, based on the details of the narrative in I Samuel, that the minimum length of Sauls reign is about 12 years. THE BOOK OF JUDGES The Hebrew word translated "Judges" in the English title of the book refers not to specialized judicial officers or magistrates but to leaders in general. Again, we have options: Regardless of which option we choose, the basic structure of our timeline will be the same, just squeezed in different ways. Tola, the son of Puah, was a judge of Israel whose reign spanned a total of twenty-three (23) years. (6 years)(Judg 11:1-12:7) Lisa and her husband, Stephen, a pastor, live in a small Ohio village with their crazy cat, Lewis. [7] Scholars are not certain as to whether the same individual was originally meant, and that the passage in the book of Judges was later moved to its present location, or whether each of the two figures were different heroes. The Philistines came back with a vengeance and remained the main enemy of Israel for the next 100 years. It was used for driving ox and other animals. The Jews had begun settling into the Promised Land and building cities. The event in which they delivered Israel is not necessarily the beginning of their service as a judge, though it well could be that event which elevates them in status as was clearly the case with Gideon. 2. The author of Judges tells us that Shamgar is one of those saviors, he writes that he also saved Israel. Gezer [Canaan] has been captured; Thus, when we read about the actions of the Philistines we should see an Egyptian hand pulling the strings. The ninth Judge after Deborah, the thirteenth Judge overall, was Samson, who is arguably the most difficult one to characterize and understand. The Early Period begins with the first oppression and first judge (Othniel) and continues through to the brief reign of Gideons son Abimilech, covering Judges 3:7 through the end of Chapter 8. Figure 9: The Judges in the New Chronology. Judges 3:31 says, "After Ehud came Shamgar son of Anath, who struck down six hundred Philistines with an oxgoad. Considering that, except for Joshua and Caleb, everyone above the age of 20 that came out of Egypt had perished in the wilderness, the maximum age for these elders would be 60 and most were more likely in their mid to late 50s. According to the biblical account found mainly in I Samuel, Saul was chosen king both by the judge Samuel and by public acclamation. In addition to writing for the Salem Web Network, Lisa serves as a Word Weavers mentor and is part of a critique group. I see two possible sources for this number. It also places the 40-year oppression and Samson in parallel with Eli. There is a mere 11 years between the end of the 18-year oppression under the combined Philistines and Ammon and the beginning of the 40 year oppression by just the Philistines. But when those judges died, Israel returned to worshiping idols, When God finally allowed Israel to enter the Promised Land, He commanded it The vacuum of leadership created by the death Joshua led to all sorts of challenges. Then were off and running to look up that account. ABDON in Hebrew means: service, servile Tribe of Ephraim 8 years 1063BC-1058BC Judges 12:13-15 son of Hillel the Pirathanite 40 sons and 30 grandsons on 70 asses or colts. (Honestly, I dont have the time to break down all of your stats.) He was a tyrant who was assassinated (, Very little is known about him in the written (. 4 Her oversight covered approximately 20 years of national hardship before the Canaanite war and then a peaceful aftermath of 40 years. Shamgar was the son of Anath and from the tribe of Benjamite. He would campaign in Canaan and beyond almost annually for a period of 19 years, from his 23rd to 42nd reginal years, including one campaign that specifically mentions the Shasu. We are not given specific reign lengths for each judge as we are in the late period. This judge of Israel is the least spoken of or recorded judge. Everyone did what was right in his own eyes." They ruled over the Ancient State of Israel between 1150 BC until 1025 BC ca., until the anointing of Saul, the first King of Israel and thus, the beginning of the monarchy period in the Holy Land. It is also the name mentioned twice in the Book of Judges. The Merneptah or Israel Stele. No one could stand against Sisera, including the Jewish people. Consequently, Ussher has Jephthah following immediately after Jair and the continuation of his chronology is shown in grey. Beginning with Othniel and continuing through Gideon to Abimilech, there are three 40-year intervening periods and one of 80 years for a total of 200 years. Fortunately, we have another witness to consult to try and fill in these gaps. If making everything fit were not enough of a puzzle, we have one other requirement: In all of scripture, there is only one reference that allows us to fix a date for any of the events found in Judges relative to any other point in history. Deborah mobilized an army led by Barak, who like her was from the tribe of Naftali. From the 480 years, we must subtract the year it took the children of Israel to reach Mount Sinai, the 40 years they wandered in the wilderness, and the approximately 10 to 25 years they took to conquer the land of Canaan. But it is immortals whom we joke with, work with, marry, snub, and exploitimmortal horrors or everlasting splendors. These were not altars for idol worship, but a place in the backyard to offer private sacrifices. ), but the Bible does not say; it may have been a cultural influence on his parents. Based on scholars, the similar person was presented in this part of the Bible, and that the text was only moved from the Book of Judges and into the current location in the Song of Deborah. The biblical narrative considers her act worthy of great blessing. Jerub-Baal in Hebrew means: let baal contend. The conquest of Jericho then occurs in the early Second Intermediate Period while Sheshi, the Pharoah whose scarabs are found at the time of the Jericho destruction, reigns in Avaris in Egypt. To get some idea of how the Judges fit into the period between the Exodus and the coronation of David we will need to look at the whole of scripture and what scant archaeological evidence we have and try to find a solution that makes sense in the larger context. Its easy to overlook someone who is listed just twice in Scripture, but God names each person for a reason. Son of Anath Judges 3:31. Shamgar was one and, whilewe dont know all the ways God is working in the lives of others, we do know He intends for His glory and believers good in the future. Eli Notice Shamgar used what was at hand, an oxgoad, as he had no sword, and with God he got the victory over the enemy of God and his people, the Philistines. He too saved Israel." Last time we considered Ehud, a valiant left-handed judge who led the people to victory against the Moabites. Consequently, the Judges account supports an early date for the Exodus. Shamgar killed 600 Philistines with an ox goad. The battle took place in the Galilee on Mount Tabor, which is a particularly beautiful and majestic mountain as well as a strategic position to see everything that moves in the Galilee. Abdon 12:13-15. Some scholars also assume that he may also be Siseras father. [8], The Bible also indicates that he was the "son" of Anath (the name of a Canaanite deity). And the LORD said to Samuel, Heed the voice of Rather, the account of the battle with Gideon lists two princes, Oreb and Zeeb, and two kings, Zebah and Zalmunna. The majority would put it at the early end of that range, making it older than the Merneptah Stele by about 100 years. 3. However, there is a problem: the total of the years given in Judges is both too large and too small when considered against the whole of scripture. Too many to give space to here[8]. The New Chronology is perhaps best known from the film Patterns of Evidence: Exodus where its alignment between archaeology and history was highlighted. All of these judges are found in the book of Judges except for Eli and Samuel, who are found in 1st Samuel. The only way to make this fit is for Samsons death to coincide (or nearly so) with the end of that 40-year period of oppression. It is of note that Samuel (not God) named his two sons judges over Israel, and they took bribes and perverted justice (1 Samuel 8:1-3). The Amarna letters are a collection of correspondence between Egypt and foreign powers, primarily from the reign of Pharaoh Akenaten. years through fifteen judges, who varied in their faithfulness to God. Thus, there is little for the archaeologist to find that denotes the presence of Israel or confirms any of these events. ), Jair (1126-1105 B.C. BARAK in Hebrew means: Lightning Tribe of Naphtali. I have not been able to find a satisfactory link between the name Cushan-Rishathaim and any ruler of this area, though we dont have a complete list for this period, particularly in the context of the New Chronology. The Bible does not record how many men Othniel killed, but Ehud is noted as killing about 10,000 Moabites (Judges 3:29). JUDGE SHAMGAR BY A. The information on him is sparse but God felt him worth including. This solution achieves the necessary compression. He then led the tribe of Ephraim to seize the fords of the Jordan, where they killed about 10,000 Moabite soldiers. honolulu police department records; spiritual meaning of the name ashley; mississippi election results 2021; charlie spring and nick nelson We must also subtract the 4 years of Solomon's reign and the 40 years of David's reign. As vassals, the cities of the Philistine pentapolis would have been required to send tribute to Pharoah and their oppression of Israel may be seen simply as a way to acquire resources to meet their Pharaonic obligations. During this period, the archaeological evidence for Israel is scant. This may be the case with Othniel, Ehud, and Shamgar as well. Figure 2: Dates from I Samuel and Josephus. However, these Judges described in Judges exercised their authority over one or other tribe but, never the entire nation. The name occurs twice: at the first mention, Shamgar is identified as a man who repelled Philistine incursions into Israelite regions, and slaughtered 600 of the invaders with an ox goad ( Judges 3:31 ); [1] If Saul actually reigned for only 12 years, or even 20 years, where does this 40-year number come from? In the middle section of the timeline, archaeological evidence indicates the arrival in Canaan of a genetically distinct group from southern Europe around 1200 BC and this is consistent with the first mention of the Philistines at the time of Shamgar. The following is a presentation from Council 5207 Lecturer, John F. Meyer: Judges in the Old Testament were not magistrates, but military leaders chosen by God to aid the Israelites in times of external danger. In 1184 BC Barak comes to Deborah from Kedesh-Naphtali. I also believe that my approach is superior to that of Nolan Jones as it simultaneously reconciles to both scripture and Josephus. In the scriptures, this man was presented as one of the previous rulers of the land. ELI ( at Shiloh) in Hebrew means: JAH is High Levi-high priest 40 years 1107BC-1067BC not in Judges died at 98 1st Samuel 4:14-18 lead Israel for 40 years. The story line is generally, the judge dies, the people revert to idolatry, and then a new oppression begins meaning that the reign length for the judge is somewhat less than the time to the next oppression. Shamgar merits mention here as one who accomplished something significant and a deliverer of Israel. Verses 6-7 testify to the events as they transpired while Shamgar served as judge, In the days of Shamgar, son of Anath, in the days of Jael, the highways were abandoned, and travelers kept to the byways. After Joshuas death, there was a slow re-infiltration of the enemies whom he had driven from the land. A flat, curved blade covered the other end, and it was used to clean a plow. The great temple of Baal Bereth at Shechem shows a destruction by fire in this period, consistent with that attributed to Abimilech in Judges 9. Shamgar in Hebrew means: cupbearer, fleer. Two tribes were dependent upon the Lord and concerned about acquiring the territory that belonged to them in the purpose of God, a very noble ideal. Learn facts that you cant learn just from reading the Bible Judges of Israel / SAMGARHola! Following is a list of the judges and how long each ruled. But for now, I will proceed with Option 2. Other accounts on Shamgar pointed out that the terms son of Anath, which was often linked with his name, was only a royal title. Now make us a king to judge us like all the nations. But the The act of this Shamgar is similar to that of Shammah, son of Agee, mentioned in the appendix of the Books of Samuel as being one of The Three, a distinct group of warriors associated with King David. Also, Judges 4:4 indicates that Deborah was already judging Israel before she enlists the help of Barak in defeating Sisera, overlapping into the period of oppression, and continued for an undetermined time afterward. We also know He is good, for He is God. ), Ehud (1316-1237 B.C. The fearful are first sent home, leaving but 10,000. But the Hebrew word here is p, which has a much broader meaning. One of the 70 children of Gideon (the son of a concubine). This gives a total of 44 years, Place Tola, Jair, and the oppression in parallel. Beginning with verse 3 is the account of the battle of Mizpah which ends Israels 40+ year oppression by the Philistines (see Judges 13:1). in your heart when you watch your pastor preach? For a more scholarly discussion see Newgrosh, Bernard, Rohl, David M., and Van der Veen, Peter G., The el-Amarna Letters and Israelite History, Journal of the Ancient Chronology Forum (JACF), Vol 6, 1993. https://patternsofevidence.com/2019/06/01/artifacts-show-biblical-exodus/, https://patternsofevidence.com/2021/09/24/inscription-provides-bible-archaeology-link/, Joshua 14:10. He can be found on the Biblical Timeline starting at 1354 BC. However, he had raised a student-protg who first came to him as a child. Excavations at Jericho indicate that it was destroyed in a manner consistent with the biblical text. It seems that Cushans kingdom was not familiar to the later compilers and editors of Judges, and so I tend to think that it was not Assyria (though it likely became part of Assyria later). His first wife was a Philistine. I will lay out what I believe makes the most sense, and in some cases will provide multiple options. What, if any, relationship exists between this campaign and the raids from Midian is not clear. Youre never a mere mortal. It is this second campaign in his 7th year that aligns with the beginning of the next, 40-year oppression by the Philistines. In fact, Jephthahs victory over Ammon coincides with Thutmose IIIs final campaign. He delivered Israel from the Philistines by killing six hundred men with an ox goad. As indicated above, I do not believe that Option 1.1 is viable because it compresses the time between the conquest and the first oppression to an unreasonable level. 9. And so, before I dive into the timeline, I think it would be worthwhile to review each of these briefly. Following the death of Joshua, Egypt remains absent allowing invasions from Mesopotamia and Moab.

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